Hot lava covered huge spaces, and ash flew into the air. The lava and volcanic ash settled on the surrounding rocks and formed a soft and easily drifted sedimentary rock - the so-called tuff, which becomes hard when exposed to air.
Due to the action of air, winds and water for hundreds of years, the rocks took bizarre forms in the shape of mushrooms, chimneys, and pyramids, creating a fairy-tale, unreal landscape. Gradually, the people living there adapted them by creating homes, churches, and places to escape persecutors.
