- Sri Lankan elephant (Elephas maximus maximus), found in Sri Lanka;
- Indian elephant (Elephas maximus indicus), found in mainland Asia and accounting for the majority of the remaining species;
- Sumatran elephant (Elephas maximus sumatranus), found in Sumatra.
The Borneo pygmy elephant is considered the fourth subspecies of the Asian elephant, but currently it awaits a definitive subspecific classification as Elephas maximus borneensis and thus is not listed above.
The other subspecies–The western Asiatic elephant, also called the Syrian elephant–became extinct in ancient times.
