Judaism

Among the Jewish peoples with their own state were the Turkic-speaking Khazars, who professed rabbinic Judaism.

An excerpt from the article 24 facts about Judaism

Among the non-Jewish peoples who adhered to Judaism were the Arabs, who, until the advent of Muhammad, followed native cults, Christianity, and Judaism. The follower of Judaism was originally Muhammad's first wife, Khadijah. Judaism was also widely practiced in Ethiopia. Another group of adherents of Judaism are some of the Iranian-speaking Tatars living in the Caucasus, known as Mountain Jews.