It is a simple dessert made of raw egg yolks whisked with sugar. Some variations include flavorings (i.e. vanilla or cocoa). It appeared in Central Europe in the 17th century and is probably of Jewish origin.
In Germany it is called Zuckerei (regionally also Goggelmoggel), in Russia - gogol-mogol, and in Yiddish gogl-mogl.
Figuratively, in Poland, the phrase kogel mogel means confusion or a troublesome situation.