It then became the property of Carthage. Two Greek colonies were established, known collectively as Panormos (the Carthaginians used this name on their coins after the 5th century BC).
As Panormos, the city became part of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire for over a thousand years. From 831 to 1072 the city was under Arab rule. During the Emirate of Sicily, it first became the capital of Sicily with the name Bal’harm.
It was a turning point in the history of the city, because the Arabs, who ruled for over two centuries, brought Palermo into a golden period of development.
After the Norman conquest, Palermo became the capital of the new kingdom of Sicily, which lasted from 1130 to 1816.
