Kaliningrad, as the largest city of the Kaliningrad Oblast, has approximately 45% of the region's total population.

In 2020, the city's population was 489.359, and in the entire urban agglomeration – 800.000. inhabitants.

It is the second largest city in the Northwest Federal District (after St. Petersburg), the third largest city in the Baltic Sea Region, and the seventh largest city on the Baltic Sea.