Its wildlife is very diverse due to the presence of the Andes, the Amazon rainforest, and the Pacific Ocean. It has the fourth-largest tropical forest and ninth-largest forest area, covering approximately 54% of the country's land area. Humid equatorial forests (selva) cover areas up to 500-700 m above sea level. Valuable tree species grow there: mahogany trees, rosewood trees, rubber trees, and downy trees. Characteristic cinchona trees and tree ferns grow in mountain equatorial forests (500-1000 m above sea level). Up to an altitude of approximately 3000 m above sea level grow the so-called cloudy forests, dominated by coniferous trees.
