Peru has over 1800 species of birds (including 120 endemics), 500 species of mammals (about 70 endemics), and over 300 species of reptiles.

There are rare mammal species there, such as the puma, the jaguar, the spectacled bear, and the endemic yellow-tailed woolly monkey. A well-known Peruvian animal is the alpaca, which has recently become very popular around the world.