- Amazon basin - a system of tropical rainforests
- Pantanal - the world's largest tropical wetlands and the world's largest flooded grasslands
- Cerrado - a vast tropical savanna ecoregion, covering much of the center of the country
- Caatinga - a region of subtropical vegetation, thorny scrubland in the northeast
- Mata Atlantica (Atlantic Forest) - stretching along the entire coast from northeast to south
- Pampas - the fertile lowland plains of the far south
